This allowed Norway to further secure itself militarily for the future through closer ties with the capital Copenhagen. Centralisation was supported in many parts of Norway, where the two-year attempt by Sweden to control Trøndelag had met strong local resistance and resulted in a complete failure for the Swedes and a devastation of the province. Following the introduction of absolutism in 1660, the centralisation of government meant a concentration of institutions in Copenhagen. Denmark and Norway, sometimes referred to as the "Twin Realms" ( Tvillingerigerne) of Denmark–Norway, had separate legal codes and currencies, and mostly separate governing institutions. The kings always used the style "King of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths" ( Konge til Danmark og Norge, de Venders og Gothers). It is adopted from the Oldenburg dynasty's official title. The term "Denmark–Norway" reflects the historical and legal roots of the union.
The administration used two official languages, Danish and German, and for several centuries both a Danish Chancellery (Danish: Danske Kancelli) and German Chancellery (Danish: Tyske Kancelli) existed. These terms cover the "royal territories" of the Oldenburgs as it was in 1460, excluding the "ducal territories" of Schleswig and Holstein. The term "Kingdom of Denmark" is sometimes used to include both countries in the period, since the political and economic power emanated from the Danish capital, Copenhagen. Norway thereafter entered into a much looser personal union with Sweden until 1905, when that union was dissolved and both kingdoms became independent. The treaty however was not recognised by Norway, which resisted the attempt in the 1814 Swedish–Norwegian War. The Dano-Norwegian union lasted until 1814, when the Treaty of Kiel decreed that Norway (except for the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland) be ceded to Sweden. From 1536/1537, Denmark and Norway formed a personal union that would eventually develop into the 1660 integrated state called Denmark–Norway by modern historians, at the time sometimes referred to as the "Twin Kingdoms." Prior to 1660, Denmark–Norway was de jure a constitutional and elective monarchy in which the King's power was somewhat limited in that year it became one of the most stringent absolute monarchies in Europe. Following Sweden's departure in 1523, the union was effectively dissolved. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden established and formed the Kalmar Union in 1397.
Margaret I was ruler of Norway from her son's death in 1387 until her own death in 1412. In 1380, Olaf II of Denmark inherited the Kingdom of Norway, titled as Olaf IV, after the death of his father Haakon VI of Norway, who was married to Olaf's mother Margaret I. The main cities of Denmark–Norway were Copenhagen, Christiania (Oslo), Altona, Bergen and Trondheim, and the primary official languages were Danish and German, but Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, Sami and Greenlandic were also spoken locally. The state's inhabitants were mainly Danes, Norwegians and Germans, and also included Faroese, Icelanders and Inuit in the Norwegian overseas possessions, a Sami minority in northern Norway, as well as other indigenous peoples. The union was also known as the Dano-Norwegian Realm ( Det dansk-norske rige), Twin Realms ( Tvillingerigerne) or the Oldenburg Monarchy ( Oldenburg-monarkiet) Denmark–Norway had several colonies, namely the Danish Gold Coast, the Nicobar Islands, Serampore, Tharangambadi, and the Danish West Indies. The state also claimed sovereignty over three historical peoples: Frisians, Gutes and Wends.
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